Basic Camera angles.....

Camera Angles :

Camera angles and movements combine to create a sequence of images, just as words, word order and punctuation combine to make the meaning of a sentence. You need a straightforward set of key terms to describe them.

 The relationship between the camera and the object being photographed (i.e the ANGLE) gives emotional information to an audience, and guides their judgement about the character or object in shot.

                                The following are some of the basic angles used in Film:

1.Normal or Eye Angle :

In a normal angle shot the camera is positioned at approximately the subject's eye level, shooting the scene as we would normally view the world.

In other word's a fairly neutral shot, the camera is positioned as though it is a human actually observing a scene.

The camera will be placed approximately five to six feet from the ground.Remember, the normal angle refers to the subject's position, not the position most comfortable for you.


                                   The following image shows how Normal or Eye angle is


                                             

2.High Angle:

In a high angle shot the camera is positioned above eye level, with the camera shooting down on the subject. A high camera angle is useful for showing the audience an overview of your scene or shooting area. High angles make the object photographed seem smaller, and less significant.

                                      The following image shows how High Angle is

                                            

3.Low Angle:

In a low angle shot the camera is positioned below eye level, with the camera shooting up at the subject. Shooting up from a low angle makes the subject appear larger and suggests a feeling of power and dominance.The camera will be placed approximately five to six feet from the ground.

                                 The following image shows how Low Angle is

                              

4.Canted Angle:

In a canted angle the camera is tilted(i.e is not placed horizontal to floor level), to suggest imbalance, transition and instability.This suggests a feeling of excitement, suspense or fantasy to the viewer.

                               The following image shows how Canted Angle is

                                     

5.Subjective Angle:

In a subjective angle the camera is put in place of a character and shows us the scene from the character's point of view. Subjective angles are useful for bringing the viewer into the action. When used effectively a subjective camera angle can make a great impact on the viewer.

                              The following image shows how Subjective Angle is

                                         

Camera Movements:

A director may choose to move action along by telling the story as a series of cuts, going from one shot to another, or they may decide to move the camera with the action. Moving the camera often takes a great deal of time, and makes the action seem slower, as it takes several second for a moving camera shot to be effective, when the same information may be placed on screen in a series of fast cuts. Not only must the style of movement be chosen, but the method of actually moving the camera must be selected too.                                                                                               The following are the basic camera moves:

1.Pan:

A movement which scans a scene horizontally.Moving the camera lens to one side or another. Look to your left, then look to your right - that's panning.Most pans should be executed smoothly and slowly. Most beginners make the mistake of panning too frequently and too fast, leaving their audience disoriented. One exception is a special kind of pan called the swish pan or whip pan. This is a rapid move that looks like a swish on the screen. It is sometimes used for transitions or for other special effects.

                                      The following image shows how Pan moments takes place

2.Tilt:

A tilt is the vertical movement of the camera on a stationary pedestal or tripod. The command is usually "Tilt up" or "Tilt  down", and is used to establish vertical subjects or to follow vertical movement.

                       The following image shows how Tilt moments takes place 

3.Dolly:

 A dolly is the movement of the entire camera toward or away from the subject or scene. The command is usually "Dolly in" or "Dolly out".The phrase dolly-in means step towards the subject with the camera, while dolly-out means to step backwards with the camera, keeping the zoom the same.
                                 The following image shows how Dolly moments takes place

4.Truck:

Trucking is like dollying, but it involves motion left or right. The command is usually "Truck left" or "Truck right". Truck left means "move the camera physically to the left”,where as Truck right means “move the camera physically to the right”.

                                    The following image shows how Truck moments takes place

5.Hand-held:

Sometimes the action is moving too quickly or too unpredictably for the camera to be on a tripod. This calls for making the camera more mobile and able to follow the action of a scene. Most times the camera will simply be held by the operator, who will then employ a number of basic camera moves by moving the feet - trucking in and out, dollying in one direction or another, tilting, panning, zooming - and combinations of all of these.

6.Crane/Jib:

A crane can be used to lift a camera (and operator, if it's big enough) from low to high shooting positions. It is a large, heavy piece of equipment, but is a useful way of moving a camera - it can move up, down, left, right, swooping in on action or moving diagonally out of it. The camera operator and camera are counter-balanced by a heavy weight, and trust their safety to a skilled crane/jib operator .

7.Pedestal:

Moving the camera up or down without changing its vertical or horizontal axis. A camera operator can do two types of pedestals: pedestal up means "move the camera up;" pedestal down means "move the camera down." You are not tilting the lens up, rather you are moving the entire camera up. Imagine your camera is on a tripod and you're raising or lowering the tripod head (this is exactly where the term comes from).

8.The Aerial shot:

An exciting variation of a crane shot, usually taken from a helicopter. This is often used at the beginning of a film, in order to establish setting and movement.

9.Zoom:

Zooming is one camera move that most people are probably familiar with. It involves changing the focal length of the lens to make the subject appear closer or further away in the frame. Most video cameras today have built-in zoom features. Some have manual zooms as well, and many have several zoom speeds. Zooming is one of the most frequently-used camera moves and one of the most overused. Use it carefully.

                                                                                                                     

basic film making techniques: what is a shot?

film making: what is a shot?: SHOT : In film , a  SHOT  is a continuous strip of motion picture film, created of a series of frames , that runs for an uninterrupted ...

what is a shot?

SHOT :

In film, a SHOT is a continuous strip of motion picture film, created of a series of frames, that runs for an uninterrupted period of time. Shots are generally filmed with a single camera and can be of any duration. A shot in production, defined by the beginning and end of a capturing process, is equivalent to a clip in editing, defined as the continuous footage between two edits. Frames, shots, clips,scene, and sequence form a hierarchy of units fundamental to many tasks in the creation of moving-image works.

Frame:

In film making, video production, animation, and related fields, a film frame or video frame is one of the many still  images which compose the complete MOVING PICTURE.

Clips:

clips are short clips of video, usually part of a longer recording. The term is also more loosely used to mean any short video less than the length of a traditional television program.

Scene:

 In TV and Movies, a scene is generally thought of as the action in a single location and continuous time. Due to the ability to edit recorded visual works, it is typically much shorter than a stage play scene. Because of their frequent appearance in films, some types of scenes have acquired names, such as love scene, sex scene,nude scene, dream scene, action scene, car chase scene, crash scene, etc. There is usually an opening scene and a closing scene.A scene is a part of a film, as well as an act sequence (longer or shorter than the scene) and setting (usually shorter than the scene).

Sequence:

In film, a sequence is a series of Scene filming scenes which form a distinct narrative unit, which is usually connected either by unity of location or unity of time.

Seven Basic Shots:

T.V and Films use different kinds of shots.One of the first and most important choices you face when framing each shot of your video is how large to show the principal subject and his or her surroundings.This is referred to as the Field of View of the shot.A very wide field of view shows a lot of background but makes the size of the subject rather small in the shot. On the other hand, a very close shot excludes and background elements and gives dominance to the subject..

                                            

                                                 The following are the some of the basic shots,

1.Extreme Close-UP (ECU):

The ECU (also known as XCU) gets right in and shows extreme detail.

You would normally need a specific reason to get this close. It is too close to show general reactions or emotion except in very dramatic scenes.

The subject fills the screen and is clearly the central focus of the shot.

                          The following image shows how ECU is

Purpose of ECU :

                                             Used to show s details up close, as details are magnified to a very large extent ,and to emphasis e , facial expressions or to make the subject appear threatening.

2.Close-UP(CU):

The subject becomes the primary focus within the shot. Only a small portion of the background is visible.Just above the head to the upper chest.cuts just below the necktie knot.

                                   

                                       The following image shows how CU is

Purpose of CU :  

                                         Used as reaction shots, to show emotions, enabling us to easily see facial expressions and what the subject is thinking and feeling.Details are magnified.

3.Medium Close-UP(MCU):

The medium closeup is half way between a mid shot and a close up. This shot shows the face more clearly, without getting uncomfortably close.The typical passport-size photograph.Cuts the body at lower chest,just below the armit.

                                     The following image shows how MCU is

Purpose of MCU:

                                         Used to show reactions and indicate what the subject is feeling. No more details are available except of the face.

4.Medium Shot(MS):

Contains a figure from the knees/waist up and is normally used for dialogue scenes, or to show some detail of action. 

Here,the subject becomes larger and more dominant. The background is still important but now shares space with the subject.

                                 The following image shows how MS is

                                       

Purpose of MS:

                                   Used to help viewers easily recognize the subjects and also see what they are doing with their hands.

5.Medium Long Shot(MLS):

A Medium Long shot usually shows most of a person, typically head to knees. This gives you the opportunity to show some of the environment, but also allow multiple people to easily interact.

                                 The following image shows how MLS is

Purpose of MLS:

                                          

                                     Used to clearly show body getures, especially the arms

6.Long Shot(LS):

A slightly closer field of view than the extreme long shot, but the subject remains dominated by the much larger background area. Shows the entire body and very short distance above and below.

                                                      The following image shows how LS is:

Purpose of LS:

                                 Used to establish the location and enable viewers to follow action within the frame, this is a shot in which the subject can be seen in full. Details are still missing, but the shot is a little closer than the ELS .

7.Extreme Long Shot (ELS):

Has he background dominating the individual.This can be taken from as much as a quarter of a mile away, and is generally used as a scene-setting, establishing shot. It normally shows an EXTERIOR, eg the outside of a building, or a landscape, and is often used to show scenes of thrilling action eg in a war film or disaster movie.

                                                The following image shows how ELS is:

Purpose of ELS:

                                  Often used at the begining of a film or sequence as an establishing shot to show where the action is taking place;also used to make a figure appear small or isolated in the landscape.Enables viewers to follow wider movements. Also used to establish relative positions of subjects.